## main485

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    // main485.cc is a part of the PYTHIA event generator.
    // Copyright (C) 2025 Torbjorn Sjostrand.
    // PYTHIA is licenced under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING for details.
    // Please respect the MCnet Guidelines, see GUIDELINES for details.

    // Authors:
    //            Marius Utheim
    //            Torbjorn Sjostrand

    // Keywords:
    //            Cosmic ray cascade
    //            Switch beam
    //            Switch collision energy

    // This example is based on work from Eur. Phys. J. C82 (2022) 21 and
    // arXiv:2108.03481 [hep-ph]. This program illustrates how the
    // PythiaCascade class can be called for an interaction or a decay,
    // with properties as provided by the user.

    #include "Pythia8/Pythia.h"
    #include "Pythia8Plugins/PythiaCascade.h"

    using namespace Pythia8;

    //==========================================================================

    // The main program tests both the collision and decay possibilities,
    // using four slightly different setups to illustrate variability.

    int main() {

      // Basic parameter choices. Includes beam, target and decaying particle.
      double eMax      = 1e8;
      double smallTau0 = 1e-10;
      int    nEvent    = 1000;
      int    nList     = 1;
      int    idHad     = 321;
      int    Ztarg     = 18;
      int    Atarg     = 40;
      int    idDec     = 4122;

      // Histograms for number of subcollisions or final particles.
      Hist nhA( "number of subcollisions", 40, 0.5, 40.5);
      Hist nFin("number of final decay particles", 20, 0.5, 20.5);

      // Main features of four subruns, illustrating variability.
      for (int subrun = 0; subrun < 4; ++subrun) {
        bool listFinal   = (subrun > 1);
        bool rapidDecays = (subrun%2 == 1);

        // Set up Pythia wrapper.
        // Reuse of MPI data is here implicitly accepted.
        PythiaCascade pythiaCascade;

        // If any of the underlying Pythia objects fail to initialize,
        // return with error.
        if (!pythiaCascade.init( eMax, listFinal, rapidDecays, smallTau0))
          return 1;

        // Event loop.
        for (int iEvent = 0; iEvent < nEvent; ++iEvent) {

          // Test 1 : collision with fixed-target nucleus.
          // Set up incoming particle.
          double mHad  = pythiaCascade.particleData().m0(idHad);
          double pzHad = eMax * pythiaCascade.rndm().flat();
          double eHad  = sqrt( mHad * mHad + pzHad * pzHad);
          Vec4   pHad( 0., 0., pzHad, eHad);

          // Cross section for various target nucleons. Print for first event.
          pythiaCascade.sigmaSetuphN( idHad, pHad, mHad);
          if (subrun == 0 && iEvent < nList) {
            cout << " Cross sections for incoming K+ on various targets for E = "
                 << scientific << setprecision(3) << eHad << fixed << endl;
            cout << " p : " << setw(8) << pythiaCascade.sigmahA( 1) << endl;
            cout << " N : " << setw(8) << pythiaCascade.sigmahA(14) << endl;
            cout << " O : " << setw(8) << pythiaCascade.sigmahA(16) << endl;
            cout << " Ar: " << setw(8) << pythiaCascade.sigmahA(40) << endl;
          }

          // Generate event. Skip empty = aborted event. List first event.
          Event& eventColl = pythiaCascade.nextColl( Ztarg, Atarg);
          if (eventColl.size() == 0) continue;
          if (iEvent < nList) eventColl.list();

          // Count number of subcollisions. Only meaningful if history remains.
          if (!listFinal) {
            int nSub = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < eventColl.size(); ++i)
              if (eventColl[i].status() == -181 || eventColl[i].status() == -182)
                ++nSub;
            nhA.fill( nSub);
          }

          // Test 2: decay of given particle.
          // Set up decaying particle. Random momentum and decay vertex.
          double mDec  = pythiaCascade.particleData().m0(idDec);
          double pxDec = 10. * pythiaCascade.rndm().flat() - 5.;
          double pyDec = 10. * pythiaCascade.rndm().flat() - 5.;
          double pzDec = 1000. * pythiaCascade.rndm().flat();
          double eDec  = sqrt(pxDec*pxDec + pyDec*pyDec + pzDec*pzDec + mDec*mDec);
          Vec4   pDec( pxDec, pyDec, pzDec, eDec);
          Vec4   vDec( pythiaCascade.rndm().flat(), pythiaCascade.rndm().flat(),
                       pythiaCascade.rndm().flat(), pythiaCascade.rndm().flat());

          // Generate decay. List first event, including production vertices.
          Event& eventDec = pythiaCascade.nextDecay( idDec, pDec, mDec, vDec);
          if (eventDec.size() == 0) continue;
          if (iEvent < nList) eventDec.list( true);

          // Count final multiplicity. Only done when secondary decays included.
          if (rapidDecays) {
            int nFinal = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < eventDec.size(); ++i)
              if (eventDec[i].isFinal()) ++nFinal;
            nFin.fill( nFinal);
          }

        // End event loop. Error statistics. End subrun loop.
        }
        pythiaCascade.stat();
      }

      // Histogram printout. Done.
      cout << nhA << nFin;
    }